![]() Fractures affecting of maxillary bones are classified using the Le Fort classification, ranging from 1 to 3. Maxillary fracture – associated with high-energy trauma. ![]() There is often significant soft tissue swelling and associated epistaxis. Nasal fracture – the most common facial fracture, due to the prominent position of the nasal bones at the bridge of the nose.The four most common facial fracture types are: Mandible (jaw) – articulates with the base of the cranium at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).įractures of the facial skeleton are relatively common and most frequently result from road traffic collisions, fist fights, and falls.Vomer – forms the posterior aspect of the nasal septum.Maxilla (2) – comprises part of the upper jaw and hard palate.Palatine (2) – situated at the rear of oral cavity and forms part of the hard palate.Inferior nasal conchae (2) – located within the nasal cavity, these bones increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, thus increasing the amount of inspired air that can come into contact with the cavity walls.Nasal (2) – two slender bones that are located at the bridge of the nose.They form part of the medial wall of the orbit. Lacrimal (2) – the smallest bones of the face.Zygomatic (2) – forms the cheek bones of the face and articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, temporal and maxilla bones.The frontal bone, typically a bone of the calvaria, is sometimes included as part of the facial skeleton. It consists of 14 bones, which fuse to house the orbits of the eyes, the nasal and oral cavities, and the sinuses. The skull reaches its definitive size around the 20 th year of life.The facial skeleton (also known as the viscerocranium) supports the soft tissues of the face. ![]() Most features of the adult skull appear during the first two years of life, including the inner and outer tables, diploic space, vascular markings, and grooves for the dural sinuses. During birth, the sutures and fontanels overlap (molding) to aid the head's passage through the birth canal. The posterior fontanel closes before the age of 3 months and may already be closed at birth, while the anterior fontanel closes after the age of 18 months this is of prime importance for performing cranial ultrasound. two posterolateral (or mastoid) fontanelles.two anterolateral (sphenoidal) fontanelles. ![]() In addition to the sutures, there are six fontanelles (also spelled fontanels) which are six flat membranous junctions where three or four sutures meet: The sagittal suture develops from neural crest cells and the coronal suture, from paraxial mesoderm. The plates are separated by broad dense connective tissue seams, the sutures. The calvarial bones form within a collagen matrix as bone spicules, which radiate from a primary ossification center in each bony plate toward the periphery. The mesoderm undergoes direct intramembranous ossification from which the flat calvarial bones are formed, that is to say, there is no intervening cartilaginous scaffolding. The membranous neurocranium develops from paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells. The cranial vault develops from the membranous neurocranium.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |